Raw Water Treatment Solutions for Surface & Groundwater

Advanced, Cost-Effective & Sustainable Water Treatment Technologies

At Sauber Environmental Solutions Pvt. Ltd., we design and implement high-efficiency raw water treatment systems for municipal, industrial, and institutional applications. Our solutions address both surface water and groundwater sources, using a combination of conventional treatment processes and advanced membrane technologies to deliver safe, reliable, and regulation-compliant water.

Understanding Raw Water Sources

Surface Water Treatment Solutions

Surface water is sourced from rivers, lakes, reservoirs, canals, and ponds. Such water typically contains:

  • High turbidity and suspended solids
  • Organic matter and algae
  • Pathogenic microorganisms
  • Seasonal and quality fluctuations

Surface water treatment requires multi-stage conventional treatment to ensure consistent water quality.

Groundwater Treatment Solutions

Groundwater sources include bore wells, tube wells, and springs. While usually clear, groundwater may contain:

  • Hardness (calcium & magnesium)
  • Iron and manganese
  • Fluoride, nitrate, arsenic
  • High TDS (Total Dissolved Solids)

Groundwater treatment focuses on removal of dissolved impurities using physical, chemical, and membrane-based systems.

Raw Water Treatment Plant

Conventional Surface Water Treatment Process

Conventional water treatment is a proven, economical, and scalable technology, widely used across the world.

Step-by-Step Surface Water Treatment Process

1. Intake & Screening

Raw water is drawn from the source through intake structures equipped with coarse and fine screens to remove floating debris and large particles.

Function:
  • Protects pumps and downstream equipment
  • Reduces operational issues
2. Coagulation

Coagulants such as Alum, Ferric Chloride, or PAC are rapidly mixed with raw water to neutralize fine suspended particles.

Function:
  • Destabilizes colloidal particles
  • Prepares water for floc formation
3. Flocculation

Gentle mixing allows destabilized particles to collide and form larger flocs. Polyelectrolyte flocculants may be added to enhance aggregation.

Function:
  • Forms settleable flocs
  • Improves sedimentation efficiency
4. Sedimentation / Clarification

Water flows through clarifiers where heavy flocs settle by gravity and are removed as sludge.

Function:
  • Removes 70–90% suspended solids
  • Reduces load on filters
5. Filtration

Clarified water passes through Rapid Sand Filters / Dual Media / Multimedia Filters to remove remaining fine particles.

Function:
  • Achieves high clarity
  • Ensures stable treated water quality
6. Disinfection

Disinfection using chlorine, UV, or ozone eliminates pathogenic microorganisms and ensures water safety.

Function:
  • Protects public health
  • Maintains residual disinfection in distribution
7. pH Correction & Stabilization

pH is adjusted using lime or alkali to prevent corrosion and scaling in pipelines.

Function:
  • Improves water stability
  • Protects distribution infrastructure

Advantages of Conventional Treatment

  • Low capital & operating cost
  • High efficiency for turbidity & pathogens
  • Proven and reliable technology
  • Easy operation & maintenance

Groundwater Treatment Technologies

1. Water Softening Systems

Used to remove hardness caused by calcium and magnesium.

Technologies:
  • Lime-soda softening
  • Ion exchange resin softeners
Advantages:
  • Effective hardness removal
  • Improves appliance and pipeline life
Limitations:
  • Regeneration waste handling
2. Ion Exchange Resin Systems

Designed for selective removal of:

  • Fluoride
  • Nitrate
  • Arsenic
  • Iron
Advantages:
  • High selectivity
  • Very high removal efficiency
Limitations:
  • Resin fouling
  • Periodic regeneration required
3. Ultrafiltration (UF) Systems

UF membranes remove:

  • Suspended solids
  • Bacteria
  • Colloidal particles
Advantages:
  • Low chemical consumption
  • Compact and modular
Limitations:
  • Does not remove dissolved salts
4. Nanofiltration (NF) Systems

NF membranes partially remove:

  • Hardness
  • Multivalent ions
  • Organic matter
Advantages:
  • Lower pressure than RO
  • Partial desalination
Limitations:
  • Not suitable for very high TDS
5. Reverse Osmosis (RO) Systems

RO is used for complete desalination and high-purity water.

Removes:
  • Dissolved salts
  • Heavy metals
  • Nitrates, fluoride
  • Organics
Advantages:
  • Highest water quality
  • Suitable for drinking & industrial use
Limitations:
  • Higher energy cost
  • Reject water management required

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